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Complete Guide to Mining in India

Practical insights and expert guidance to help you choose the right construction equipment

India digs coal, iron ore, limestone and stone from three kinds of workings: open cast mines, underground mines and quarries. This hub explains how each one works, which minerals suit which method, and the machines an Indian mine or quarry actually runs.

Latest guide
Types

Types of Mines in India: Open Cast, Underground and Quarrying

Open cast mining is mining done from the surface. The soil and rock lying over the mineral are stripped off in steps, the seam or ore body is laid bare in the…

· 9 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Read guide
Applications

Quarry Dust and M-Sand: Sizes, Uses and Rates in India

Quarry dust, M-sand and river sand all pass the same 4.75 mm sieve, and that line is where…

· 11 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Royalty on Minerals in India: Rates, DMF and Why It Is Not a Tax

A mining lease signed before 12 January 2015 pays about 1.32 times its royalty. A lease granted after…

· 12 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Quarry Lease in India: The Permissions a Stone Quarry Needs

The lease is not the last paper you collect before a quarry opens. It is the first, and…

· 10 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Industry

Mining Companies in India: How the Industry Is Organised

Three questions decide how any mine in India is organised: who owns the mineral, who holds the concession…

· 10 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Comparison

Jaw Crusher vs Cone Crusher vs VSI: What Each Crushing Stage Does

If you are choosing between a jaw crusher and a cone crusher, the real question is which goes…

· 10 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Aggregate Size in Concrete: 10, 20 and 40 mm and Where Each Goes

Indian concrete is built from four aggregate sizes in practice: 10 mm, 20 mm, 40 mm and, for…

· 9 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Overburden Removal in Opencast Mining: Stripping Ratio, BCM and Machines

Overburden removal is the digging and hauling away of the soil and rock that lie over a mineral,…

· 13 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Bench Height in Opencast Mining: Width, Berms and Haul Roads

Bench height in opencast mining is decided by one machine: the excavator or shovel that digs the face.…

· 11 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Mine Dewatering: How Opencast Pits and Quarries Are Kept Dry

Every millimetre of rain that falls on a square metre of ground adds one litre of water. So…

· 13 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Dust Suppression in Mines: Haul Roads, Fog Cannons and Drills

On an opencast mine, the haul trucks make most of the dust. Field studies at surface mines put…

· 17 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Highwall Mining: How Coal Behind the Final Pit Wall Is Mined

An opencast coal mine stops digging at its final wall, but the seam does not stop there. It…

· 12 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Powder Factor in Blasting: Formula, Worked Example and Normal Ranges

A hard-rock quarry bench usually takes 0.7 to 0.8 kg of explosive to break each cubic metre of…

· 12 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Iron Ore Beneficiation: The Plant Process from Crusher to Thickener

In bench tests the Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM) ran on iron ores from Odisha and Jharkhand, feed…

· 13 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Comparison

Longwall Mining: How the Face Works, Machines and Bord and Pillar Compared

Longwall mining takes coal out of an underground seam one long slice at a time. A cutting machine…

· 12 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Comparison

Blast Hole Drilling: DTH vs Top Hammer vs Rotary, Hole Size and Depth

Blast hole drilling on a quarry or opencast mine bench makes holes that are usually 76 to 380…

· 12 min read· Nikhil Saraf
Overview

Blasting Vibration Limits as per DGMS: PPV by Structure and Frequency

When a village beside a quarry complains of cracked walls after a blast, the DGMS test is how…

· 13 min read· Chayan Sarkar
Overview

Vibrating Screen Working Principle: Motion, Stroke, Slope and Mesh

A vibrating screen works by shaking crushed stone across a sloping steel mesh. A motor spins an off-centre…

· 13 min read· Nikhil Saraf

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Tata Hitachi EX 210LC PrimeJCB NXT 215 LC Fuel MasterVolvo EC210XCMG XE210iTata Hitachi EX 210 Infra Super+ SeriesXCMG XE215i-KLCAll 313 excavator models →
JCB 3DXJCB 3DX PlusBull SD76 BS5 Super SmartBULL CH76 ChallengerE-Kubota BLX75CAT 424All 51 backhoe loader models →
SEM 917FXCMG GR1705BEML BG405AKomatsu GD535-6BEML BG825Mahindra G75 SmartAll 42 motor grader models →
Cat 988KHindustan 2021EJCB 440-5Liugong 818NLiugong 838H MAXACE ALN 300All 54 wheel loader models →
Escorts F23ACE F150ACE 14XWEscorts HYDRA 14Indo Power 14TIndo Power 16TAll 68 crane models →
AJAX ARGO 4500AJAX ARGO 2000Tata Signa 2830.K 8 Cum REPTO RMCSchwing Stetter SLM 4600Fiori DBS 4300Ashok Leyland AVTR 2820 6×4 RMCAll 79 concrete mixer models →
L&T 491Escorts EC 5250L&T 1190JCB VMT330HAMM HC 119iACE ASD 115All 45 compactor models →
Bobcat S450Bobcat S70JCB SSL 135ACE SS75JCB SSL 155Bull AV490All 11 skid steer loader models →
AJAX ASP 3009AJAX ASP 4011Aquarius 1003 EAquarius 1400 HPDPutzmeister BSA 1405 D ClassicPutzmeister BSA 1407 D ClassicAll 66 concrete pump models →
JCB 530-110ACE AT 30SANY STH634AMANITOU MRT-X 1645MANITOU MRT-X 2570SANY STH1056AAll 13 telehandler models →
BEML BD50BEML BD65-1Cat D10Cat D6R2CASE 1150LCASE 1650LAll 41 dozer models →

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