What counts as port equipment?
Port equipment covers two groups of machines. The first group moves cargo between ship and shore: ship-to-shore and gantry cranes, mobile harbour cranes, reach stackers, forklifts, and the dredgers that keep the channel deep. DesiMachines does not list these machines, and they are named here only so the line is clear.
The second group builds the port and works its yards. Excavators and dozers do the earthwork on reclamation, breakwaters and yards. Wheel loaders load and stack coal, ore, fertiliser and other bulk cargo at berths and stockyards. Long reach excavators clean drains and canal mouths and handle dredged silt on shore. Pick and carry cranes lift precast units and pipes around the berths, soil compactors firm up the yards, and transit mixers and concrete pumps pour the berth decks and jetties. Fishing harbours and inland waterway terminals run on the same machines in smaller sizes. Tippers carry the fill and the rock, but they are not listed here.
Where is port work concentrated in India?
According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, India has 12 major ports in operation. They sit in Gujarat (Deendayal at Kandla), Maharashtra (Mumbai and Jawaharlal Nehru), Goa (Mormugao), Karnataka (New Mangalore), Kerala (Cochin), Tamil Nadu (Chennai, Kamarajar and V.O. Chidambaranar), Andhra Pradesh (Visakhapatnam), Odisha (Paradip) and West Bengal (Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port at Kolkata). The same ministry lists a new major port at Vadhavan in Maharashtra as under construction.
The smaller, non-major ports are run by the state maritime boards. The ministry’s port sector update for 2024-25 says Gujarat has the longest coastline of any state and handled about two thirds of all non-major port cargo, and that Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Odisha together handled almost all of it. That is where most new berths, yards and stockyards are being built, and where a loader or excavator owner finds steady port work.
Who are the main port owners and operators?
Major ports are run by port authorities under the central government, and they award the berth, breakwater and dredging contracts. Private operators run their own ports and many of the bulk terminals inside the major ports. The list is alphabetical, not a ranking.
| Company or body |
What it owns or runs |
| Adani Ports and SEZ |
Private port operator with ports and terminals on both coasts, including Mundra in Gujarat |
| Deendayal Port Authority |
The major port at Kandla, the only major port in Gujarat |
| Dredging Corporation of India |
Dredging company that deepens and maintains channels at major and minor ports, fishing harbours and naval bases |
| Inland Waterways Authority of India |
Statutory body that develops, maintains and regulates the national waterways and their terminals |
| Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority |
Major port at Navi Mumbai in Maharashtra that handles mainly container cargo |
| JSW Infrastructure |
Private operator of its own ports at Jaigarh and Dharamtar in Maharashtra and of bulk and container terminals inside several major ports |
| Paradip Port Authority |
The only major port in Odisha, handling dry bulk such as coal and iron ore along with liquid and container cargo |
| Visakhapatnam Port Authority |
Major port on the Andhra Pradesh coast; petroleum, iron ore and coal are its main bulk cargo |
Excavator
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